Understanding Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)
Medication-Assisted Treatment, commonly referred to as MAT, is an evidence-based approach to treating substance use disorders. It combines the use of FDA-approved medications with counseling and behavioral therapies to provide a “whole-patient” approach to recovery. MAT has been shown to improve survival rates, reduce illicit drug use, and help individuals regain stability in their personal and professional lives.
What is MAT?
MAT is most often used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and sometimes tobacco dependence. The primary goal is to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms that can often derail recovery efforts. By stabilizing brain chemistry, MAT gives patients the ability to focus on long-term behavioral changes, therapy, and support systems.
Common Medications Used in MAT
Methadone – A long-acting opioid agonist that reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings without producing the intense “high” of abused opioids.
Buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex) – A partial opioid agonist that helps curb cravings and withdrawal, with a ceiling effect that lowers overdose risk.
Naltrexone (Vivitrol) – An opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids and alcohol, preventing relapse.
Acamprosate & Disulfiram – Medications used in alcohol use disorder treatment to reduce cravings or cause negative reactions when alcohol is consumed.
Benefits of MAT
Reduces relapse risk by controlling cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Lowers overdose deaths, particularly with opioid use disorder.
Improves retention in treatment programs, giving individuals more time to build recovery skills.
Supports long-term recovery, especially when combined with therapy, peer support, and lifestyle changes.
Addressing Stigma Around MAT
A common misconception is that MAT simply “replaces one drug with another.” In reality, the medications used in MAT are carefully prescribed and monitored by healthcare professionals. They allow individuals to live functional, fulfilling lives while addressing the underlying behavioral and psychological aspects of addiction. MAT should be seen as a legitimate and effective medical treatment, not a shortcut or weakness.
Whole-Person Approach
While medications play an important role, MAT is most effective when combined with:
Counseling (individual, group, or family therapy)
Peer support groups
Mental health care (for co-occurring disorders such as depression or anxiety)
Healthy lifestyle changes such as improved sleep, nutrition, and exercise
The Bottom Line
Medication-Assisted Treatment is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but it is a powerful tool in the fight against substance use disorders. By addressing both the biological and behavioral components of addiction, MAT helps individuals break the cycle of dependence and move toward lasting recovery.